FOIA Advisor

Court Opinions (2015-2023)

Court opinions issued Oct. 15, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Sieverding v. DOJ (D. Mass.) -- concluding that plaintiff failed to state claim for which relief could be granted, because plaintiff sought ratification of Office of Information Policy’s decision to remand request to EOUSA for further processing of responsive records.

Stalcup v. DOD (D. Mass.) -- on remand from First Circuit, finding that three agency offices failed to demonstrate adequacy of their searches for records pertaining to crash of TWA Flight 800 in 1996.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinion issued Oct. 12, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Gov't Accountability Project v. DHS (D.D.C.) -- finding that agency’s search was inadequate because it relied on too few keywords and excluded obvious synonyms; adopting plaintiff’s metaphor that “FOIA requests are not a game of Battleship. The requester should not have to score a direct hit on the records sought based on the precise phrasing of his request.”

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinion issued Oct. 10, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

James v. DOD (D. Alaska) -- ruling that: (1) government improperly relied on Exemption 6 to withhold names and current location of Army personnel who gave sworn statements related to plaintiff’s wrongful death lawsuit; and (2) government properly withheld “personnel recommendation” pursuant to deliberative process privilege.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Oct. 1, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Biear v. DOJ (3rd Cir.) -- reversing district court’s decision and finding that: (1) plaintiff’s request to Criminal Division for records containing his name was reasonably specific even though he did not identify the specific office where records were likely to be located; (2) plaintiff was not required to administratively appeal withholdings made by FBI after plaintiff commenced his lawsuit and district court should have maintained jurisdiction over case instead of dismissing it as moot.

Dorsey v. Exec. Office for U.S. Attorneys (D.D.C.) -- on remand from the D.C. Circuit, determining that EOUSA properly relied on Exemptions 7(C) and 7(F) in withholding certain records pertaining to plaintiff’s criminal prosecution.

Judicial Watch v. Dep’t of State (D.D.C.) -- concluding that of nineteen disputed documents pertaining to agency’s response to press inquiries about email between Hillary Clinton and Jake Sullivan, agency properly withheld nine documents and improperly withheld ten documents pursuant to deliberative process and attorney-client privileges.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Sept. 30, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Wadleton v. Dep’t of State (D.D.C.) -- awarding attorney’s fees and costs of $11,726.97 in case involving plaintiff’s employment records, but reducing award from $19,222.75 requested by plaintiff due to excessive time billed and unreasonably high hourly rates.

Intellectual Prop. Watch v. U.S. Trade Representative (S.D.N.Y.) -- ruling that agency properly relied on Exemption 3 in conjunction with 19 U.S.C. § 2155(g)(2)-(3) to withhold communications among USTR, industry trade advisory committees, and private-sector consultants about Trans Pacific Partnership trade agreement.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Sept. 27-28, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Sept. 28, 2018

Kwoka v. IRS (D.D.C.) -- holding that IRS could not rely on Exemption 3 and 6 to categorically withhold names of requesters and their organizational affiliations from agency FOIA log.

Hyatt v. USPTO (D.D.C.) -- finding after in camera review that employee’s email commenting about character of plaintiff (a frequent patent applicant) constituted “agency record” for FOIA purposes, and that agency’s reliance on Exemption 6 to withhold email failed “miserably.”

Inst. for Justice v. IRS (D.D.C.) -- concluding that: (1) IRS performed reasonable search for records from its “Asset Forfeiture Tracking and Retrieval System,” (2) agency’s production of records in Adobe format was “the only technologically-feasible route available; (3) agency properly invoked Exemption 7(A) to withhold information related to assets seized in open investigations; (4) agency properly relied on Exemption 7(C) to withhold information pertaining to individuals from whom assets were seized.

Garza v. U.S. Marshals Serv. (D.D.C.) -- finding that USMS, FBI, and DEA performed reasonable searches for records concerning plaintiff’s fugitive arrest and criminal case, and that government properly withheld records pursuant to Exemptions 6, 7(C), 7(D), 7(E), and 7(F).

Long v. ICE (D.D.C.) -- denying government’s summary judgment motion (without prejudice) in case that raises question whether plaintiff’s request requires agency to extract and compile existing data from database or, on the other hand, requires agency to create record or conduct research to answer questions.

Hodes v. U.S. Dep't of Treasury (D.D.C.) -- ruling that agency properly relied on Exemption 4 to redact commission percentages paid by IRS to debt collection contractors.

Sept. 27, 2018

Story of Stuff Project v. U.S. Forest Serv. (D.D.C.) -- finding that: (1) agency properly relied on Exemption 4 to withhold non-public records concerning Nestle Waters North America’s operations in San Bernardino National Forest, but that agency needed to clarify whether certain information was in public domain; (2) ruling on applicability of Exemption 9 to “bore holes” would be deferred until agency clarified whether information was in public domain; (3) agency properly withheld records concerning permitting and litigation pursuant to deliberative process and attorney-client privileges; and (4) agency properly relied on Exemption 6 to withhold names of individuals who authored scientific studies or worked on biological surveys.

Micolo v. DOJ (E.D.N.Y.) -- ruling that FBI performed reasonable searches for investigatory records pertaining to bank robbery for which plaintiff was convicted in 2003.

Rosenberg v. DOD (D.D.C.) -- concluding that: (1) agency performed reasonable search for communications sent by former U.S. Southern Command commander John Kelly concerning Joint Task Force Guantanamo; (2) agency properly withheld records pursuant to Exemption 1, section 1.4(g) of Executive Order 13,526, but certain withheld information had been officially acknowledged and other withholdings required supplemental declarations; (3) agency properly withheld records pursuant to Exemptions 3, 6, and 7(E), but fell short with respect to its Exemption 5 withholdings because “foreseeable harm standard” required government to “do more than perfunctorily state that disclosure of all the withheld information—regardless of category or substance—’would jeopardize the free exchange of information between senior leaders within and outside of the [DOD]’.

Michael v. DOJ (D.D.C.) -- determining that: (1) Executive Office for United States Attorneys performed adequate search for records concerning plaintiff’s criminal case; (2) ATF, to which EOUSA had referred records, properly withheld records pursuant to Exemption 3, 6, 7(C), and 7(F), and it also properly withheld records that had been sealed by federal court in North Carolina; and (3) FBI, to which ATF had referred records, properly withheld records pursuant to Exemption 6 and 7(C).

Richardson v. DOJ (D.D.C.) -- deciding that: (1) Executive Office for United States Attorneys performed reasonable search for records pertaining to plaintiff’s criminal case; (2) ATF, to which EOUSA had referred records, properly withheld records pursuant to Exemptions 6 and 7(C); and (3) plaintiff, who contested veracity of documents only, was not entitled to in camera review or discovery.

Cornucopia Inst. v. USDA (D.D.C.) -- holding that: (1) agency properly relied on deliberative process privilege to withhold records pertaining to visits to organic dairies in Texas and New Mexico in 2012, but that it improperly withheld photographs; and (2) agency properly withheld records pursuant to the trade secrets and competitive harm prongs of Exemption 4.

Wellman v. DOJ (D. Nev.) -- agreeing with D.C. Circuit that government cannot withhold portions of documents as non-responsive, but otherwise determining that government properly withheld records pertaining to internal investigation of plaintiff by Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. 

Long v. ICE (N.D.N.Y.) -- denying government’s motion for summary judgment because it failed to demonstrate that plaintiff’s request for immigration enforcement data would require agency to create new records, conduct research or answer questions.

Mathis v. DOJ (D.D.C.) -- determining that: (1) federal court in Georgia and American Red Cross were not subject to plaintiff’s FOIA requests; (2) plaintiff failed to submit proper FOIA request to IRS; (3) plaintiff failed to prove that he submitted request to Department of Defense, which was unable to locate one; (4) Securities and Exchange Commission, Social Security Commission, and FBO performed adequate searches for records concerning plaintiff and found none.

Trucept, Inc. v. IRS (S.D. Cal.) -- granting government’s renewed summary judgment motion after finding that agency performed reasonable search for plaintiff’s administrative files and properly withheld records pursuant to Exemptions 3, 6, 7(C), and 7(E).

Thompson v. Sessions (D.D.C.) -- concluding that plaintiff did not have standing to pursue “policy or practice” claim against DOJ for delaying responses to his requests about his employment, and that plaintiff was not entitled to injunctive relief.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Sept. 25-26, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Sept. 26, 2018

James Madison Proj. v. CIA (D.D.C.) -- deciding that CIA, FBI, and NSA properly issued Glomar responses pursuant to Exemptions 1 and 3 with respect to requests about “a May 10, 2017 meeting in which President Trump allegedly shared ‘sensitive classified information’ concerning a terrorist threat with the Russian Foreign Minister and the Russian Ambassador to the United States.”

Buzzfeed v. DOJ (D.D.C.) -- determining that FBI properly relied on Exemptions 7(A) and 7(E) in refusing to confirm or deny existence of aerial surveillance records pertaining to specific airplanes.

Sept. 25, 2018

SAI v. TSA (D.D.C.) -- ruling that: (1) plaintiff could not add Rehabilitation Act claim regarding format of requested records; (2) agency did not sufficiently demonstrate that records were not “readily reproducible” in format requested by plaintiff; (3) agency failed to explain why it could not release legible copies of six disputed pages; (4) agency’s search was inadequate because agency failed to search four additional offices, failed to demonstrate that it searched relevant time frame, and failed to adequately describe certain searches; (5) additional briefing was necessary as to whether records withheld pursuant to Exemption 3 had been released previously to another requester; (6) agency did not sufficiently explain whether redactions made pursuant to deliberative process privilege in response to one request included factual information, but otherwise agency’s redactions were proper; and (7) agency carried its burden of proof with respect to Exemption 6 and 7(C) withholdings, except for contact information of agency employees.

Bartko v. DOJ (D.D.C.)

Smart-Tek Servs.v. IRS (S.D. Cal.) -- concluding that IRS performed reasonable search for plaintiff’s administrative file and that records of “alter ego” taxpayers were either non-responsive or protected from disclosure pursuant to section 6013 of the Internal Revenue Code.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.

Court opinions issued Sept. 24, 2018

Court Opinions (2015-2023)Allan BlutsteinComment

Lamb v. Millennium Challenge Corp. (D.D.C.) -- deciding that: (1) MCC and State Department performed adequate searches for records concerning plaintiff’s background investigation; (2) State Department properly relied on Exemption 6 to withhold third party’s social security number; (3) Department of Defense properly withheld third-party records pursuant to Exemptions 6 and 7(C), but it did not provide enough information to permit evaluation of agency's use of Exemption 7(D); (4) although evidence showed that MCC had delivered responsive records to plaintiff, agency would be directed to provide another copy to plaintiff “out of an abundance of caution and to promote judicial economy.”

Aguiar v. DEA (D.D.C.) -- on remand from D.C. Circuit, concluding that: (1) agency demonstrated that it performed reasonable search for field office records, but that it failed to pursue potential lead to missing documents; (2) agency demonstrated that GPS mapping software used during investigation of plaintiff was not an agency record; and (3) agency was not required to create map images that plaintiff was unable to access from prison.

Middlebrook v. DOJ (D.D.C.) -- finding that Executive Office for United States performed reasonable search for one document from plaintiff’s criminal case file.

Khine v. DHS (D.D.C.) -- ruling that: (1) plaintiff had standing to litigate whether “DHS has a policy of sending ‘computer-generated,’ ‘template’ letters in response to FOIA requests from asylum applicants seeking disclosure of their assessments”; (2) agency’s response letter was sufficiently detailed to trigger plaintiff’s requirement to file administrative appeal before filing lawsuit.

Summaries of all published opinions issued since April 2015 are available here.