FOIA Advisor

Court opinions issued Nov. 26, 2024

Court Opinions (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Empower Oversight Whistleblowers & Research. v. NIH (4th Cir.) -- affirming district court’s decision after finding that: (1) agency’s failure to meet FOIA’s response deadline for issuing a final determination did not preclude summary judgment in agency’s favor or warrant any additional relief for appellant; (2) agency established with “sufficiently detailed” declarations that it performed adequate searches for records concerning the submission and withdrawal of sequencing data regarding the origin of COVID-19; (3) agency properly relied on Exemption 5’s deliberative process privilege to redact draft Q&A in response to a foreign news article, as well as draft responses to a congressional inquiry; and (4) agency properly relied on Exemption 6 to redact contact information of NIH employees and the identity of a Wuhan University researcher, rejecting appellant’s “attenuated” argument that disclosure would promote the public’s knowledge about the origin of the pandemic.

Walker v. Donovan (D.D.C.) -- denying plaintiff’s motion for attorney’s fees stemming from request for Air Force’s investigatory records concerning plaintiff; rejecting plaintiff’s argument that the lawsuit was a catalyst for the release of records, in part because the Air Force began processing plaintiff’s request “well before [plaintiff] initiated his lawsuit”; accepting agency’s explanation that delays were due to “its other duties, including processing [plaintiff’s] FOIA appeal, ‘staffing issues and the press of other business in the Air Force Operations Agency FOIA office,’ . . . and significant telework constraints during the COVID-19 pandemic.”

Summaries of all published opinions issued in 2024 are available here. Earlier opinions are available here.

FOIA News: Nominations open for worst 2024 FOIA responses

FOIA News (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

What went wrong this year in transparency? Share your stories!

Next Sunshine Week will mark the tenth anniversary of the Foilies, the annual “awards” highlighting those that obstructed the public’s right to know.

By Michael Morisy, Muckrock, Nov. 25, 2024

Have you run into an egregious records denial? Still aching about an agency thwarting the public’s right to know? Just need to vent about the one (FOIA request) that got away? This is your chance to share and commiserate: Submissions are open for nominations to the 2025 Foilies!

Read more here.

Jobs, jobs, jobs: Weekly report Nov. 25, 2024

Jobs jobs jobs (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Federal jobs closing in the next 10 days

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dept of the Navy, GS 9-11, Arlington, VA, closes 11/25/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of the Army, GS 11, Fort Gregg-Adams, VA, closes 11/25/24 (internal agency).

Sup. Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Health & Human Serv./FDA, GS 14, remote, closes 11/25/24 (non-public),

Attorney Advisor, Dep’t of Transportation/PHMSA, GS 14, Wash., DC, closes 11/25/14 (public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, U.S. Int’l Trade Comm’n, GS 12-13, Wash., D.C., closes 11/25/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Veterans Affairs/VHA, GS 12, Providence, RI, closes 11/25/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of the Navy, GS 11, Wash., DC, closes 11/26/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Veterans Affairs, GS 11-12, Martinsburg, WV, closes 11/26/24 (internal agency).

Sup. Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of the Treasury/OFAC, GS 15, Wash., D.C., closes 11/26/24 (public).

Sup. Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of the Treasury/OFAC, GS 15, Wash., D.C., closes 11/26/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Health & Human Serv./HRSA, GS 13, Rockville, MD, closes 11/26/24 (non-public).

Sup. Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Veterans Affairs. GS 9, Overland, MO, closes 11/29/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of the Army, NH 3, Redstone Arsenal, AL, closes 11/29/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Health & Human Serv./CMS, GS 9-11, Woodlawn, MD, closes 11/29/24 (non-public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Veterans Affairs/VHA, GS 11, Jamaica Plain, MA, closes 12/3/24 (internal agency).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Peace Corps, FP 2-3, Wash., DC, closes 12/5/24 (or 75 applications) (public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Peace Corps, FP 2-3, Wash., DC, closes 12/5/24 (or 75 applications) (non-public).

Lead Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Health & Human Serv./FDA, GS 14, remote, closes 12/5/24 (non-public).

Federal jobs closing on or after Dec. 6, 2024

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of Justice/OJP, GS 12-13, Wash., DC., closes 12/6/24 (public).

Gov’t Info. Specialist, Dep’t of the Interior/BSEE, GS 12-13, multiple locations, closes 12/6/24 (non-public).

Court opinion issued Nov. 21, 2024

Court Opinions (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Kinnucan v, NSA (W.D. Wash.) -- ruling that the National Security Agency properly withheld a U.S. House committee report related to a 1967 attack by Israeli forces on a U.S. naval intelligence ship, because the report was not an agency record; reasoning that that the facts and circumstances of the report’s creation and its transfer to NSA demonstrated that Congress “manifested a clear intent to maintain control over” the report, which was consistent with the test set forth by the D.C. Circuit in Am. Civil Liberties Union v. CIA, 823 F.3d 655, 662-63 (D.C. Cir. 2016).

Summaries of all published opinions issued in 2024 are available here. Earlier opinions are available here.

FOIA News: 50th anniversary of 1974 FOIA Amendments

FOIA News (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

1974 FOIA Amendments Mark Golden Anniversary

By NARA-OGIS, FOIA Ombuds, Nov. 21, 2024

Requesters, the next time you work to “reasonably describe” records in a FOIA request or visit FOIA.gov for agency FOIA data, you can thank the 1974 FOIA amendments. And agency FOIA professionals, you can thank the 1974 FOIA amendments for setting timeframes for agency action on FOIA requests and establishing the one-time 10-working-day extension for “unusual circumstances.” 

The week of November 18-22, 2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the amendments, passed by Congress eight years after it passed the original law. The amendments require agencies to publish indices of agency information; established the U.S. District Court in D.C. as a universal venue for FOIA lawsuits; and gave federal judges the power to review classified documents in private to determine whether the records were properly classified.

Read more here.

Court opinions issued Nov. 20, 2024

Court Opinions (2024)Ryan MulveyComment

Smartflash LLC v. USPTO (D.D.C.) — granting the agency’s summary judgment motion and upholding its application of Exemption 5 and the deliberative-process privilege to six emails concerning the Patent Trial and Appeal Board’s use of “expanded panels”; concluding the communications at issue were pre-decisional and deliberative since they reflected “communications by subordinate employees . . . discussing how to interpret and respond to a prior FOIA request,” and contained “preliminary impressions, analysis, questions, and recommendations”; holding further that the agency conducted an adequate segregability review and demonstrate foreseeable harm in potential “chilling effect” on the FOIA office’s processing of requests; finally, rejecting the requester’s waiver arguments based on either adoption or public disclosure as unwarranted.

Informed Consent Action Network v. FDA (D.D.C) — granting, in part, the agency’s Open America stay motion; noting, among other things, how “FDA received two court orders [in the past three years] that together compelled it to produce approximately 5.7 million pages of COVID-19 vaccine records within a highly compressed timeframe,” and that these production orders have negatively impacted the processing of other requests; rejecting the agency’s proposal for an eighteen-month stay, and instead staying the case for eight months.

Summaries of all published opinions issued in 2024 are available here. Earlier opinions are available here.

FOIA News: DOJ-OIP releases its Standard Operating Procedures

FOIA News (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

Last month, the Department of Justice’s Office of Information Policy released its Standard Operating Procedures in response to a FOIA request from GovermentAttic.org. The 83-page production consists of two parts: 15 pages pertaining to administrative appeals and a 68-page “Compliance Team Handbook.”

Of interest, OIP employees are instructed to not use gender pronouns or “Mr.” ”Mrs.” or Ms.” in appeal response letters. Neutral titles such as “Dr.” or “Esq.” are acceptable. For DOJ’s “Sunshine Week” event, a compliance team attorney drafts the OIP Director’s remarks. We appreciate that component heads can get busy, but OIP co-founder Dan Metcalfe must be rolling in his grave. Regarding the “DOJ Guide to the FOIA,” the Handbook states that “[t]here is a rotating, 2-year schedule for regular chapter updates. The goal is to implement more regular and recent changes in case law, owing to increased FOIA litigation.” We can’t help but note that of the 25 Guide chapters, only five have been updated since November 2022. We further note that OIP’s “2-year” schedule should be a “two-year” schedule, according to most style guides (including OIP’s house guide).

FOIA News: FOIA under Trump

FOIA News (2024)Allan BlutsteinComment

What will a second Trump term mean for the Freedom of Information Act?

The law itself is likely to stand, but experts expect a surge in requests, longer delays, and more court dates.

By Andrew Deck Nieman Lab, Nov. 20, 2024

During the first Trump administration, one law arguably played an outsized role in fueling accountability reporting on the federal government. The Freedom of Information Act, or FOIA, has long been a cornerstone of investigative journalism in the U.S. Documents obtained through FOIA requests underpinned countless marquee investigative stories during Trump’s first term.

As bleak forecasts circulate about how the new administration might impact the lives and work of journalists in the U.S., I was curious to learn how the climate around government transparency and FOIA compliance might change. Is FOIA on solid footing as Trump heads back to the White House or could it be undercut by legislation — or, more discreetly, chipped away at, agency by agency?

Read more here.

Court opinion issued Nov. 19, 2024

Court Opinions (2024)Ryan MulveyComment

Gov’t Accountability & Oversight v. SEC (D.D.C.) — denying requester’s motion for fees after concluding that the requester was not eligible; rejecting the requester’s reliance on the “catalyst theory,” and instead determining that the agency persuasively explained how it had already started processing by the time the lawsuit was filed; concluding further that any “delay was not due to a lack of cooperation, but rather was the result of an email fluke that caused GAO’s FOIA requests to be marked as spam,” and that the agency’s decision to reprocess and release previously withheld portions of records was not compelled by any aspect of the litigation process.

Summaries of all published opinions issued in 2024 are available here. Earlier opinions are available here.

Court opinion issued Nov. 12, 2024

Court Opinions (2024)Ryan MulveyComment

Org. for Competitive Mkts. v. USDA-OIG (D.D.C.) — granting summary judgment in favor of the defendant agency and intervenor National Cattlemen’s Beef Association more than 4 1/2 years after briefing ended; holding, first, that USDA-OIG conducted an adequate search, despite the requester not challenging its sufficency; similarly entering judgment in favor of the agency vis-a-vis its use of Exemptions 7(C) and 7(C), despite no opposition from the requester; upholding the agency’s use of Exemption 6, in light of the requester’s abandoned arguments; ruling that the agency properly invoked Exemption 4 to withhold information concerning “Beef Checkoff Contractors” and “Qualified State Beef Councils” assuch information (e.g., “financial reports, accounting ledgers, budgets, and vendor contact information) was “generally treated as private by the owner of the records”; rejecting the requester’s arguments that an assurance of privacy is a “necessary condition” for withholding; ruling further that the agency properly invoked Exemption 5 and the deliberative-process privilege to protect draft audit reports and audit-related communications, and rejecting the requester’s appeal to the “government misconduct exception”; finally, concluding that the agency conducted an adequate segregability review.

Summaries of all published opinions issued in 2024 are available here. Earlier opinions are available here.